@article {RN1071,
	title = {A comparison of special education in Israel and Palestine: Surface and deep structures},
	journal = {Journal of Special Education},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Empirical-Study},
	pages = {33-48},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Comparative studies of special education policy typically compare the provision of special education services in different countries, based primarily on comparative variables such as legal mandates, rules and regulations, and budgetary allocations. Aside from the analysis of these surface structures, it is imperative also to take into account the deep structures (i.e., sociohistorical background) of the culture that created those policies. In this study, different aspects of Israeli and Palestinian Authority special educational policies were compared on both surface and deep levels. The surface analysis revealed that both systems are currently undergoing major revisions and restructuring. On the one hand, the Israeli system is redefining how it will educate children with special educational needs in more inclusive settings (in stark contrast to previous segregationist policy). On the other hand, special education in the Palestinian Authority is an emerging field, currently experimenting with different models of inclusionary practices. Despite their differences, both systems are similar in that teachers are being asked to implement these changes. On a deep-structure level distinctions were noted between Palestinian and Israeli teacher views related to equity issues. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2003 APA, all rights reserved)},
	keywords = {Cross-Cultural-Differences Mainstreaming-Educational Special-Education Special-Education-Teachers Special-Needs Childhood-Development Educational-Administration Educational-Objectives Educational-Placement Educational-Reform Government-Policy-Making Socio},
	author = {Gumpel, Thomas P. and Awartani, Sana}
}
